diff --git a/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/OsmNogoPolygon.java b/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/OsmNogoPolygon.java
index 881aeb6..2b6c72a 100644
--- a/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/OsmNogoPolygon.java
+++ b/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/OsmNogoPolygon.java
@@ -75,8 +75,6 @@ public class OsmNogoPolygon extends OsmNodeNamed
   */
   public void calcBoundingCircle()
   {
-    CheapRulerSingleton cr = CheapRulerSingleton.getInstance();
-
     int cxmin, cxmax, cymin, cymax;
     cxmin = cymin = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
     cxmax = cymax = Integer.MIN_VALUE;
@@ -103,9 +101,13 @@ public class OsmNogoPolygon extends OsmNodeNamed
       }
     }
 
-    double cx = (cxmax+cxmin) / 2.0; // center of circle
-    double cy = (cymax+cymin) / 2.0;
-    double ccoslat = cr.cosIlat((int) cy); // cosin at latitude of center
+    int cx = (cxmax+cxmin) / 2; // center of circle
+    int cy = (cymax+cymin) / 2;
+    
+    double[] lonlat2m = CheapRulerSingleton.getLonLatToMeterScales( cy );
+    double dlon2m = lonlat2m[0];
+    double dlat2m = lonlat2m[1];
+
     double rad = 0;  // radius
     double rad2 = 0; // radius squared;
 
@@ -119,8 +121,8 @@ public class OsmNogoPolygon extends OsmNodeNamed
       for (int i = 0; i < points.size();i++)
       {
         final Point p = points.get(i);
-        final double dpix = (p.x - cx) * ccoslat;
-        final double dpiy = p.y-cy;
+        final double dpix = (p.x - cx) * dlon2m;
+        final double dpiy = (p.y - cy) * dlat2m;
         final double dist2 = dpix * dpix + dpiy * dpiy;
         if (dist2 <= rad2)
         {
@@ -129,8 +131,8 @@ public class OsmNogoPolygon extends OsmNodeNamed
         if (dist2 > dmax2)
         {
           dmax2 = dist2; // new maximum distance found
-          dpx = dpix;
-          dpy = dpiy;
+          dpx = dpix / dlon2m;
+          dpy = dpiy / dlat2m;
           i_max = i;
         }
       }
@@ -141,25 +143,21 @@ public class OsmNogoPolygon extends OsmNodeNamed
       final double dist = Math.sqrt(dmax2);
       final double dd = 0.5 * (dist - rad) / dist;
 
-      cx = cx + dd * dpx; // shift center toward point
-      cy = cy + dd * dpy;
-      ccoslat = cr.cosIlat((int) cy);
+      cx += (int)(dd * dpx + 0.5); // shift center toward point
+      cy += (int)(dd * dpy + 0.5);
 
       final Point p = points.get(i_max); // calculate new radius to just include this point
-      final double dpix = (p.x - cx) * ccoslat;
-      final double dpiy = p.y-cy;
+      final double dpix = (p.x - cx) * dlon2m;
+      final double dpiy = (p.y - cy) * dlat2m;
       dmax2 = rad2 = dpix * dpix + dpiy * dpiy;
       rad = Math.sqrt(rad2);
       i_max = -1;
     }
     while (true);
 
-    ilon = (int) Math.round(cx);
-    ilat = (int) Math.round(cy);
-    dpx = cx - ilon; // rounding error
-    dpy = cy - ilat;
-    // compensate rounding error of center-point
-    radius = (rad + Math.sqrt(dpx * dpx + dpy * dpy)) * cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
+    ilon = cx;
+    ilat = cy;
+    radius = rad;
     return;
   }
 
diff --git a/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/OsmPathElement.java b/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/OsmPathElement.java
index 8e54a4c..f24ae64 100644
--- a/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/OsmPathElement.java
+++ b/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/OsmPathElement.java
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package btools.router;
 
-import btools.mapaccess.OsmNode;
-import btools.mapaccess.OsmPos;
-import btools.util.CheapRulerSingleton;
-
 import java.io.DataInput;
 import java.io.DataOutput;
 import java.io.IOException;
 
+import btools.mapaccess.OsmNode;
+import btools.mapaccess.OsmPos;
+import btools.util.CheapRulerSingleton;
+
 /**
  * Container for link between two Osm nodes
  *
@@ -78,8 +78,7 @@ public class OsmPathElement implements OsmPos
 
   public final int calcDistance( OsmPos p )
   {
-    CheapRulerSingleton cr = CheapRulerSingleton.getInstance();
-    return (int)(cr.distance(ilon, ilat, p.getILon(), p.getILat()) + 1.0 );
+    return (int)(CheapRulerSingleton.distance(ilon, ilat, p.getILon(), p.getILat()) + 1.0 );
   }
 
   public OsmPathElement origin;
diff --git a/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/RoutingContext.java b/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/RoutingContext.java
index 51927bd..9adbffa 100644
--- a/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/RoutingContext.java
+++ b/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/RoutingContext.java
@@ -288,8 +288,7 @@ public final class RoutingContext
       OsmNodeNamed nogo = nogopoints.get(i);
       cs[0] += nogo.ilon;
       cs[1] += nogo.ilat;
-      // TODO[Phyks]
-      cs[2] += (long) ( nogo.radius*111894.*10.);
+      cs[2] += (long) ( nogo.radius*10.);
     }
     return cs;
   }
@@ -311,13 +310,11 @@ public final class RoutingContext
 
   public int calcDistance( int lon1, int lat1, int lon2, int lat2 )
   {
-    CheapRulerSingleton cr = CheapRulerSingleton.getInstance();
-
-    coslat = cr.cosIlat(lat2);
-    double coslat6 = coslat*cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
-
-    double dx = (lon2 - lon1 ) * coslat6;
-    double dy = (lat2 - lat1 ) * cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
+    double[] lonlat2m = CheapRulerSingleton.getLonLatToMeterScales( (lat1+lat2) >> 1 );
+    double dlon2m = lonlat2m[0];
+    double dlat2m = lonlat2m[1];
+    double dx = (lon2 - lon1 ) * dlon2m;
+    double dy = (lat2 - lat1 ) * dlat2m;
     double d = Math.sqrt( dy*dy + dx*dx );
 
     shortestmatch = false;
@@ -327,10 +324,10 @@ public final class RoutingContext
       for( int ngidx = 0; ngidx < nogopoints.size(); ngidx++ )
       {
         OsmNodeNamed nogo = nogopoints.get(ngidx);
-        double x1 = (lon1 - nogo.ilon) * coslat6;
-        double y1 = (lat1 - nogo.ilat) * cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
-        double x2 = (lon2 - nogo.ilon) * coslat6;
-        double y2 = (lat2 - nogo.ilat) * cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
+        double x1 = (lon1 - nogo.ilon) * dlon2m;
+        double y1 = (lat1 - nogo.ilat) * dlat2m;
+        double x2 = (lon2 - nogo.ilon) * dlon2m;
+        double y2 = (lat2 - nogo.ilat) * dlat2m;
         double r12 = x1*x1 + y1*y1;
         double r22 = x2*x2 + y2*y2;
         double radius = Math.abs( r12 < r22 ? y1*dx - x1*dy : y2*dx - x2*dy ) / d;
@@ -365,8 +362,8 @@ public final class RoutingContext
               wayfraction = -s2 / (d*d);
               double xm = x2 - wayfraction*dx;
               double ym = y2 - wayfraction*dy;
-              ilonshortest = (int)(xm / coslat6 + nogo.ilon);
-              ilatshortest = (int)(ym / cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG + nogo.ilat);
+              ilonshortest = (int)(xm / dlon2m + nogo.ilon);
+              ilatshortest = (int)(ym / dlat2m + nogo.ilat);
             }
             else if ( s1 > s2 )
             {
@@ -397,14 +394,14 @@ public final class RoutingContext
               lon1 = ilonshortest;
               lat1 = ilatshortest;
             }
-            dx = (lon2 - lon1 ) * coslat6;
-            dy = (lat2 - lat1 ) * cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
+            dx = (lon2 - lon1 ) * dlon2m;
+            dy = (lat2 - lat1 ) * dlat2m;
             d = Math.sqrt( dy*dy + dx*dx );
           }
         }
       }
     }
-    return (int)(cr.distance(lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2) + 1.0 );
+    return (int)(d + 1.0 );
   }
 
   // assumes that calcDistance/calcCosAngle called in sequence, so coslat valid
diff --git a/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/RoutingEngine.java b/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/RoutingEngine.java
index 4193842..81b5e1c 100644
--- a/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/RoutingEngine.java
+++ b/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/RoutingEngine.java
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ public class RoutingEngine extends Thread
       OsmPath startPath = routingContext.createPath( startLink );
       startLink.addLinkHolder( startPath, null );
 
-      if ( wp != null ) wp.radius = 1e-5;
+      if ( wp != null ) wp.radius = 0.1;
      
       return routingContext.createPath( startPath, link, null, guideTrack != null );
     }
@@ -1064,7 +1064,7 @@ public class RoutingEngine extends Thread
           {
             if ( isFinalLink )
             {
-              endPos.radius = 1e-5;
+              endPos.radius = 0.1;
               routingContext.setWaypoint( endPos, true );
             }
             OsmPath testPath = routingContext.createPath( otherPath, link, refTrack, guideTrack != null );
diff --git a/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/StdPath.java b/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/StdPath.java
index bdfe5e9..c299f04 100644
--- a/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/StdPath.java
+++ b/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/StdPath.java
@@ -181,407 +181,6 @@ final class StdPath extends OsmPath
   }
 
 
-//  @Override
-  protected void xxxaddAddionalPenalty(OsmTrack refTrack, boolean detailMode, OsmPath origin, OsmLink link, RoutingContext rc )
-  {
-    CheapRulerSingleton cr = CheapRulerSingleton.getInstance();
-
-    byte[] description = link.descriptionBitmap;
-	  if ( description == null ) throw new IllegalArgumentException( "null description for: " + link );
-
-    boolean recordTransferNodes = detailMode || rc.countTraffic;
-    boolean recordMessageData = detailMode;
-
-    rc.nogomatch = false;
-
-    // extract the 3 positions of the first section
-    int lon0 = origin.originLon;
-    int lat0 = origin.originLat;
-
-    OsmNode p1 = sourceNode;
-    int lon1 = p1.getILon();
-    int lat1 = p1.getILat();
-    short ele1 = origin.selev;
-
-    int linkdisttotal = 0;
-
-    MessageData msgData = recordMessageData ? new MessageData() : null;
-
-    boolean isReverse = link.isReverse( sourceNode );
-
-    // evaluate the way tags
-    rc.expctxWay.evaluate( rc.inverseDirection ^ isReverse, description );
-
-    // calculate the costfactor inputs
-    boolean isTrafficBackbone = cost == 0 && rc.expctxWay.getIsTrafficBackbone() > 0.f;
-    float turncostbase = rc.expctxWay.getTurncost();
-    float cfup = rc.expctxWay.getUphillCostfactor();
-    float cfdown = rc.expctxWay.getDownhillCostfactor();
-    float cf = rc.expctxWay.getCostfactor();
-    cfup = cfup == 0.f ? cf : cfup;
-    cfdown = cfdown == 0.f ? cf : cfdown;
-
-    // *** add initial cost if the classifier changed
-    float newClassifier = rc.expctxWay.getInitialClassifier();
-    if ( newClassifier == 0. )
-    {
-      newClassifier = (cfup + cfdown + cf)/3;
-    }
-    float classifierDiff = newClassifier - lastClassifier;
-    if ( classifierDiff > 0.0005 || classifierDiff < -0.0005 )
-    {
-      lastClassifier = newClassifier;
-      float initialcost = rc.expctxWay.getInitialcost();
-      int iicost = (int)initialcost;
-      if ( recordMessageData )
-      {
-        msgData.linkinitcost += iicost;
-      }
-      cost += iicost;
-    }
-
-    OsmTransferNode transferNode = link.geometry == null ? null
-                  : rc.geometryDecoder.decodeGeometry( link.geometry, p1, targetNode, isReverse );
-
-    boolean isFirstSection = true;
-
-    for(;;)
-    {
-      originLon = lon1;
-      originLat = lat1;
-
-      int lon2;
-      int lat2;
-      short ele2;
-
-      if ( transferNode == null )
-      {
-        lon2 = targetNode.ilon;
-        lat2 = targetNode.ilat;
-        ele2 = targetNode.selev;
-      }
-      else
-      {
-        lon2 = transferNode.ilon;
-        lat2 = transferNode.ilat;
-        ele2 = transferNode.selev;
-      }
-
-      // check turn restrictions: do we have one with that origin?
-      boolean checkTRs = false;
-      if ( isFirstSection )
-      {
-        isFirstSection = false;
-
-        // TODO: TRs for inverse routing would need inverse TR logic,
-        // inverse routing for now just for target island check, so don't care (?)
-        // in detail mode (=final pass) no TR to not mess up voice hints
-        checkTRs = rc.considerTurnRestrictions && !rc.inverseDirection && !detailMode;
-      }
-
-      if ( checkTRs )
-      {
-        boolean hasAnyPositive = false;
-        boolean hasPositive = false;
-        boolean hasNegative = false;
-        TurnRestriction tr = sourceNode.firstRestriction;
-        while( tr != null )
-        {
-          boolean trValid = ! (tr.exceptBikes() && rc.bikeMode);
-          if ( trValid && tr.fromLon == lon0 && tr.fromLat == lat0 )
-          {
-            if ( tr.isPositive )
-            {
-              hasAnyPositive = true;
-            }
-            if ( tr.toLon == lon2 && tr.toLat == lat2 )
-            {
-              if ( tr.isPositive )
-              {
-                hasPositive = true;
-              }
-              else
-              {
-                hasNegative = true;
-              }
-            }
-          }
-          tr = tr.next;
-        }
-        if ( !hasPositive && ( hasAnyPositive || hasNegative ) )
-        {
-          cost = -1;
-          return;
-        }
-      }
-
-      // if recording, new MessageData for each section (needed for turn-instructions)
-      if ( recordMessageData && msgData.wayKeyValues != null )
-      {
-        originElement.message = msgData;
-        msgData = new MessageData();
-      }
-
-      int dist = rc.calcDistance( lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2 );
-      boolean stopAtEndpoint = false;
-      if ( rc.shortestmatch )
-      {
-        if ( rc.isEndpoint )
-        {
-          stopAtEndpoint = true;
-          ele2 = interpolateEle( ele1, ele2, rc.wayfraction );
-        }
-        else
-        {
-          // we just start here, reset cost
-          cost = 0;
-          ehbd = 0;
-          ehbu = 0;
-          lon0 = -1; // reset turncost-pipe
-          lat0 = -1;
-
-          if ( recordTransferNodes )
-          {
-            if (  rc.wayfraction > 0. )
-            {
-              ele1 = interpolateEle( ele1, ele2, 1. - rc.wayfraction );
-              originElement = OsmPathElement.create( rc.ilonshortest, rc.ilatshortest, ele1, null, rc.countTraffic );
-            }
-            else
-            {
-              originElement = null; // prevent duplicate point
-            }
-          }
-        }
-      }
-
-      if ( recordMessageData )
-      {
-        msgData.linkdist += dist;
-      }
-      linkdisttotal += dist;
-
-      // apply a start-direction if appropriate (by faking the origin position)
-      if ( lon0 == -1 && lat0 == -1 )
-      {
-        double coslat = cr.cosIlat(lat1);
-        if ( rc.startDirectionValid && coslat > 0. )
-        {
-          double dir = rc.startDirection.intValue() * 180. / Math.PI;
-          lon0 = lon1 - (int) ( 1000. * Math.sin( dir ) / coslat );
-          lat0 = lat1 - (int) ( 1000. * Math.cos( dir ) );
-        }
-      }
-
-      // *** penalty for turning angles
-      if ( !isTrafficBackbone && lon0 != -1 && lat0 != -1 )
-      {
-        // penalty proportional to direction change
-        double angle = rc.calcAngle( lon0, lat0, lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2 );
-        double cos = 1. - rc.getCosAngle();
-        int actualturncost = (int)(cos * turncostbase + 0.2 ); // e.g. turncost=90 -> 90 degree = 90m penalty
-        cost += actualturncost;
-        if ( recordMessageData )
-        {
-          msgData.linkturncost += actualturncost;
-          msgData.turnangle = (float)rc.calcAngle( lon0, lat0, lon1, lat1, lon2, lat2 );
-        }
-      }
-
-      // *** penalty for elevation (penalty is for descend! in a way that slow descends give no penalty)
-      // only the part of the descend that does not fit into the elevation-hysteresis-buffer
-      // leads to an immediate penalty
-
-      int elefactor = 250000;
-      if ( ele2 == Short.MIN_VALUE ) ele2 = ele1;
-      if ( ele1 != Short.MIN_VALUE )
-      {
-        ehbd += (ele1 - ele2)*elefactor - dist * rc.downhillcutoff;
-        ehbu += (ele2 - ele1)*elefactor - dist * rc.uphillcutoff;
-      }
-
-      float downweight = 0.f;
-      if ( ehbd > rc.elevationpenaltybuffer )
-      {
-         downweight = 1.f;
-
-         int excess = ehbd - rc.elevationpenaltybuffer;
-         int reduce = dist * rc.elevationbufferreduce;
-         if ( reduce > excess )
-         {
-           downweight = ((float)excess)/reduce;
-           reduce = excess;
-         }
-         excess = ehbd - rc.elevationmaxbuffer;
-         if ( reduce < excess )
-         {
-           reduce = excess;
-         }
-         ehbd -= reduce;
-         if ( rc.downhillcostdiv > 0 )
-         {
-           int elevationCost = reduce/rc.downhillcostdiv;
-           cost += elevationCost;
-           if ( recordMessageData )
-           {
-             msgData.linkelevationcost += elevationCost;
-           }
-         }
-      }
-      else if ( ehbd < 0 )
-      {
-        ehbd = 0;
-      }
-
-      float upweight = 0.f;
-      if ( ehbu > rc.elevationpenaltybuffer )
-      {
-        upweight = 1.f;
-
-        int excess = ehbu - rc.elevationpenaltybuffer;
-        int reduce = dist * rc.elevationbufferreduce;
-        if ( reduce > excess )
-        {
-          upweight = ((float)excess)/reduce;
-          reduce = excess;
-        }
-        excess = ehbu - rc.elevationmaxbuffer;
-        if ( reduce < excess )
-        {
-          reduce = excess;
-        }
-        ehbu -= reduce;
-        if ( rc.uphillcostdiv > 0 )
-        {
-          int elevationCost = reduce/rc.uphillcostdiv;
-          cost += elevationCost;
-          if ( recordMessageData )
-          {
-            msgData.linkelevationcost += elevationCost;
-          }
-        }
-      }
-      else if ( ehbu < 0 )
-      {
-        ehbu = 0;
-      }
-
-      // get the effective costfactor (slope dependent)
-      float costfactor = cfup*upweight + cf*(1.f - upweight - downweight) + cfdown*downweight;
-      if ( isTrafficBackbone )
-      {
-        costfactor = 0.f;
-      }
-
-      float fcost = dist * costfactor + 0.5f;
-      if ( ( costfactor > 9998. && !detailMode ) || fcost + cost >= 2000000000. )
-      {
-        cost = -1;
-        return;
-      }
-      int waycost = (int)(fcost);
-      cost += waycost;
-
-      // calculate traffic
-      if ( rc.countTraffic )
-      {
-        int minDist = (int)rc.trafficSourceMinDist;
-        int cost2 = cost < minDist ? minDist : cost;
-        traffic += dist*rc.expctxWay.getTrafficSourceDensity()*Math.pow(cost2/10000.f,rc.trafficSourceExponent);
-      }
-
-      if ( recordMessageData )
-      {
-        msgData.costfactor = costfactor;
-        msgData.priorityclassifier = (int)rc.expctxWay.getPriorityClassifier();
-        msgData.classifiermask = (int)rc.expctxWay.getClassifierMask();
-        msgData.lon = lon2;
-        msgData.lat = lat2;
-        msgData.ele = ele2;
-        msgData.wayKeyValues = rc.expctxWay.getKeyValueDescription( isReverse, description );
-      }
-
-      if ( stopAtEndpoint )
-      {
-        if ( recordTransferNodes )
-        {
-          originElement = OsmPathElement.create( rc.ilonshortest, rc.ilatshortest, ele2, originElement, rc.countTraffic );
-          originElement.cost = cost;
-          if ( recordMessageData )
-          {
-            originElement.message = msgData;
-          }
-        }
-        if ( rc.nogomatch )
-        {
-          cost = -1;
-        }
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if ( transferNode == null )
-      {
-        // *** penalty for being part of the reference track
-        if ( refTrack != null && refTrack.containsNode( targetNode ) && refTrack.containsNode( sourceNode ) )
-        {
-          int reftrackcost = linkdisttotal;
-          cost += reftrackcost;
-        }
-        selev = ele2;
-        break;
-      }
-      transferNode = transferNode.next;
-
-      if ( recordTransferNodes )
-      {
-        originElement = OsmPathElement.create( lon2, lat2, ele2, originElement, rc.countTraffic );
-        originElement.cost = cost;
-        originElement.addTraffic( traffic );
-        traffic = 0;
-      }
-      lon0 = lon1;
-      lat0 = lat1;
-      lon1 = lon2;
-      lat1 = lat2;
-      ele1 = ele2;
-
-    }
-
-    // check for nogo-matches (after the *actual* start of segment)
-    if ( rc.nogomatch )
-    {
-        cost = -1;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // finally add node-costs for target node
-    if ( targetNode.nodeDescription != null )
-    {
-        boolean nodeAccessGranted = rc.expctxWay.getNodeAccessGranted() != 0.;
-        rc.expctxNode.evaluate( nodeAccessGranted , targetNode.nodeDescription );
-        float initialcost = rc.expctxNode.getInitialcost();
-        if ( initialcost >= 1000000. )
-        {
-          cost = -1;
-          return;
-        }
-        int iicost = (int)initialcost;
-
-        cost += iicost;
-
-        if ( recordMessageData )
-        {
-          msgData.linknodecost += iicost;
-          msgData.nodeKeyValues = rc.expctxNode.getKeyValueDescription( nodeAccessGranted, targetNode.nodeDescription );
-        }
-    }
-    if ( recordMessageData )
-    {
-      message = msgData;
-    }
-
-  }
-
   @Override
   public int elevationCorrection( RoutingContext rc )
   {
diff --git a/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/WaypointMatcherImpl.java b/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/WaypointMatcherImpl.java
index e1ceb19..82000f9 100644
--- a/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/WaypointMatcherImpl.java
+++ b/brouter-core/src/main/java/btools/router/WaypointMatcherImpl.java
@@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ public final class WaypointMatcherImpl implements WaypointMatcher
   {
     // todo: bounding-box pre-filter
 
-    CheapRulerSingleton cr = CheapRulerSingleton.getInstance();
-    double coslat = cr.cosIlat(lat2);
-    double coslat6 = coslat * cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
+    double[] lonlat2m = CheapRulerSingleton.getLonLatToMeterScales( (lat1+lat2) >> 1 );
+    double dlon2m = lonlat2m[0];
+    double dlat2m = lonlat2m[1];
 
-    double dx = ( lon2 - lon1 ) * coslat6;
-    double dy = ( lat2 - lat1 ) * cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
+    double dx = ( lon2 - lon1 ) * dlon2m;
+    double dy = ( lat2 - lat1 ) * dlat2m;
     double d = Math.sqrt( dy * dy + dx * dx );
     if ( d == 0. )
       return;
@@ -56,10 +56,10 @@ public final class WaypointMatcherImpl implements WaypointMatcher
     {
       OsmNodeNamed wp = mwp.waypoint;
 
-      double x1 = ( lon1 - wp.ilon ) * coslat6;
-      double y1 = ( lat1 - wp.ilat ) * cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
-      double x2 = ( lon2 - wp.ilon ) * coslat6;
-      double y2 = ( lat2 - wp.ilat ) * cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
+      double x1 = ( lon1 - wp.ilon ) * dlon2m;
+      double y1 = ( lat1 - wp.ilat ) * dlat2m;
+      double x2 = ( lon2 - wp.ilon ) * dlon2m;
+      double y2 = ( lat2 - wp.ilat ) * dlat2m;
       double r12 = x1 * x1 + y1 * y1;
       double r22 = x2 * x2 + y2 * y2;
       double radius = Math.abs( r12 < r22 ? y1 * dx - x1 * dy : y2 * dx - x2 * dy ) / d;
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ public final class WaypointMatcherImpl implements WaypointMatcher
           double wayfraction = -s2 / ( d * d );
           double xm = x2 - wayfraction * dx;
           double ym = y2 - wayfraction * dy;
-          mwp.crosspoint.ilon = (int) ( xm / coslat6 + wp.ilon );
-          mwp.crosspoint.ilat = (int) ( ym / cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG + wp.ilat );
+          mwp.crosspoint.ilon = (int) ( xm / dlon2m + wp.ilon );
+          mwp.crosspoint.ilat = (int) ( ym / dlat2m + wp.ilat );
         }
         else if ( s1 > s2 )
         {
diff --git a/brouter-core/src/test/java/btools/router/OsmNogoPolygonTest.java b/brouter-core/src/test/java/btools/router/OsmNogoPolygonTest.java
index 9497640..7eae51f 100644
--- a/brouter-core/src/test/java/btools/router/OsmNogoPolygonTest.java
+++ b/brouter-core/src/test/java/btools/router/OsmNogoPolygonTest.java
@@ -65,25 +65,25 @@ public class OsmNogoPolygonTest {
 
   @Test
   public void testCalcBoundingCircle() {
-    CheapRulerSingleton cr = CheapRulerSingleton.getInstance();
+    double[] lonlat2m = CheapRulerSingleton.getLonLatToMeterScales( polygon.ilat );
+    double dlon2m = lonlat2m[0];
+    double dlat2m = lonlat2m[1];
 
     polygon.calcBoundingCircle();
     double r = polygon.radius;
     for (int i=0; i<lons.length; i++) {
-      double py = toOsmLat(lats[i]);
-      double dpx = (toOsmLon(lons[i]) - polygon.ilon) * cr.cosIlat(polygon.ilat);
-      double dpy = py - polygon.ilat;
-      double r1 = Math.sqrt(dpx * dpx + dpy * dpy) * cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
+      double dpx = (toOsmLon(lons[i]) - polygon.ilon) * dlon2m;
+      double dpy = (toOsmLon(lats[i]) - polygon.ilon) * dlat2m;
+      double r1 = Math.sqrt(dpx * dpx + dpy * dpy);
       double diff = r-r1;
       assertTrue("i: "+i+" r("+r+") >= r1("+r1+")", diff >= 0);
     }
     polyline.calcBoundingCircle();
     r = polyline.radius;
     for (int i=0; i<lons.length; i++) {
-      double py = toOsmLat(lats[i]);
-      double dpx = (toOsmLon(lons[i]) - polyline.ilon) * cr.cosIlat(polyline.ilat);
-      double dpy = py - polyline.ilat;
-      double r1 = Math.sqrt(dpx * dpx + dpy * dpy) * cr.ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
+      double dpx = (toOsmLon(lons[i]) - polyline.ilon) * dlon2m;
+      double dpy = (toOsmLon(lats[i]) - polyline.ilon) * dlat2m;
+      double r1 = Math.sqrt(dpx * dpx + dpy * dpy);
       double diff = r-r1;
       assertTrue("i: "+i+" r("+r+") >= r1("+r1+")", diff >= 0);
     }
diff --git a/brouter-map-creator/src/main/java/btools/mapcreator/SrtmRaster.java b/brouter-map-creator/src/main/java/btools/mapcreator/SrtmRaster.java
index 3c5d3d1..1fb0d6b 100644
--- a/brouter-map-creator/src/main/java/btools/mapcreator/SrtmRaster.java
+++ b/brouter-map-creator/src/main/java/btools/mapcreator/SrtmRaster.java
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package btools.mapcreator;
 
-import btools.util.CheapRulerSingleton;
 import btools.util.ReducedMedianFilter;
 
 /**
@@ -229,8 +228,7 @@ public class SrtmRaster
 
   private static Weights[][] calcWeights( int latIndex )
   {
-    CheapRulerSingleton cr = CheapRulerSingleton.getInstance();
-    double coslat = cr.cosLat(latIndex * 5.);
+    double coslat = Math.cos( latIndex * 5. / 57.3 );
 
     // radius in pixel units
     double ry = filterDiscRadius;
diff --git a/brouter-mapaccess/src/main/java/btools/mapaccess/OsmNode.java b/brouter-mapaccess/src/main/java/btools/mapaccess/OsmNode.java
index 9825a96..279147f 100644
--- a/brouter-mapaccess/src/main/java/btools/mapaccess/OsmNode.java
+++ b/brouter-mapaccess/src/main/java/btools/mapaccess/OsmNode.java
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ package btools.mapaccess;
 
 import btools.codec.MicroCache;
 import btools.codec.MicroCache2;
-import btools.expressions.BExpressionContextWay;
 import btools.util.ByteArrayUnifier;
 import btools.util.CheapRulerSingleton;
 import btools.util.IByteArrayUnifier;
@@ -103,8 +102,7 @@ public class OsmNode extends OsmLink implements OsmPos
 
   public final int calcDistance( OsmPos p )
   {
-    CheapRulerSingleton cr = CheapRulerSingleton.getInstance();
-    return (int) (cr.distance(ilon, ilat, p.getILon(), p.getILat()) + 1.0);
+    return (int)(CheapRulerSingleton.distance(ilon, ilat, p.getILon(), p.getILat()) + 1.0 );
   }
 
   public String toString()
diff --git a/brouter-mem-router/src/main/java/btools/memrouter/OsmNodeP.java b/brouter-mem-router/src/main/java/btools/memrouter/OsmNodeP.java
index 3b8241c..abe8568 100644
--- a/brouter-mem-router/src/main/java/btools/memrouter/OsmNodeP.java
+++ b/brouter-mem-router/src/main/java/btools/memrouter/OsmNodeP.java
@@ -103,8 +103,7 @@ public class OsmNodeP extends OsmLinkP implements Comparable<OsmNodeP>, OsmPos
   @Override
   public int calcDistance( OsmPos p )
   {
-    CheapRulerSingleton cr = CheapRulerSingleton.getInstance();
-    return (int)(cr.distance(ilon, ilat, p.getILon(), p.getILat()) + 1.0 );
+    return (int)(CheapRulerSingleton.distance(ilon, ilat, p.getILon(), p.getILat()) + 1.0 );
   }
 
   @Override
diff --git a/brouter-routing-app/src/main/java/btools/routingapp/BRouterView.java b/brouter-routing-app/src/main/java/btools/routingapp/BRouterView.java
index f4f97a6..33d2672 100644
--- a/brouter-routing-app/src/main/java/btools/routingapp/BRouterView.java
+++ b/brouter-routing-app/src/main/java/btools/routingapp/BRouterView.java
@@ -509,17 +509,17 @@ public class BRouterView extends View
       centerLon = ( maxlon + minlon ) / 2;
       centerLat = ( maxlat + minlat ) / 2;
 
-      CheapRulerSingleton cr = CheapRulerSingleton.getInstance();
-      double coslat = cr.cosIlat(centerLat);
-      double difflon = maxlon - minlon;
-      double difflat = maxlat - minlat;
+      double[] lonlat2m = CheapRulerSingleton.getLonLatToMeterScales( centerLat );
+      double dlon2m = lonlat2m[0];
+      double dlat2m = lonlat2m[1];
+      double difflon = (maxlon - minlon)*dlon2m;
+      double difflat = (maxlat - minlat)*dlat2m;
 
       scaleLon = imgw / ( difflon * 1.5 );
       scaleLat = imgh / ( difflat * 1.5 );
-      if ( scaleLon < scaleLat * coslat )
-        scaleLat = scaleLon / coslat;
-      else
-        scaleLon = scaleLat * coslat;
+      double scaleMin = scaleLon < scaleLat ? scaleLon : scaleLat;
+      scaleLat *= dlon2m;
+      scaleLon *= dlat2m;
 
       startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
       RoutingContext.prepareNogoPoints( nogoList );
diff --git a/brouter-util/src/main/java/btools/util/CheapRulerSingleton.java b/brouter-util/src/main/java/btools/util/CheapRulerSingleton.java
index 8749664..3935282 100644
--- a/brouter-util/src/main/java/btools/util/CheapRulerSingleton.java
+++ b/brouter-util/src/main/java/btools/util/CheapRulerSingleton.java
@@ -12,69 +12,49 @@ public final class CheapRulerSingleton {
    * This is implemented as a Singleton to have a unique cache for the cosine
    * values across all the code.
    */
-  private static volatile CheapRulerSingleton instance = null;
-
   // Conversion constants
   public final static double ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG = 1e-6; // From integer to degrees
   public final static int KILOMETERS_TO_METERS = 1000;
   public final static double DEG_TO_RAD = Math.PI / 180.;
 
   // Cosine cache constants
-  private final static int COS_CACHE_LENGTH = 8192;
-  private final static double COS_CACHE_MAX_DEGREES = 90.0;
+  private final static int SCALE_CACHE_LENGTH = 1800;
+  private final static int SCALE_CACHE_INCREMENT = 100000;
   // COS_CACHE_LENGTH cached values between 0 and COS_CACHE_MAX_DEGREES degrees.
-  double[] COS_CACHE = new double[COS_CACHE_LENGTH];
+  private final static double[][] SCALE_CACHE = new double[SCALE_CACHE_LENGTH][];
 
   /**
-   * Helper to build the cache of cosine values.
+   * build the cache of cosine values.
    */
-  private void buildCosCache() {
-    double increment = DEG_TO_RAD * COS_CACHE_MAX_DEGREES / COS_CACHE_LENGTH;
-    for (int i = 0; i < COS_CACHE_LENGTH; i++) {
-      COS_CACHE[i] = Math.cos(i * increment);
+  static {
+    for (int i = 0; i < SCALE_CACHE_LENGTH; i++) {
+      SCALE_CACHE[i] = calcKxKyFromILat( i*SCALE_CACHE_INCREMENT + SCALE_CACHE_INCREMENT/2 );
     }
   }
 
-  private CheapRulerSingleton() {
-    super();
-    // Build the cache of cosine values.
-    buildCosCache();
+  private static double[] calcKxKyFromILat(int ilat) {
+    double lat = DEG_TO_RAD*(ilat-90000000)/1000000.;
+    double cos = Math.cos(lat);
+    double cos2 = 2 * cos * cos - 1;
+    double cos3 = 2 * cos * cos2 - cos;
+    double cos4 = 2 * cos * cos3 - cos2;
+    double cos5 = 2 * cos * cos4 - cos3;
+
+    // Multipliers for converting integer longitude and latitude into distance
+    // (http://1.usa.gov/1Wb1bv7)
+    double[] kxky = new double[2];
+    kxky[0] = (111.41513 * cos - 0.09455 * cos3 + 0.00012 * cos5) * ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG * KILOMETERS_TO_METERS;
+    kxky[1] = (111.13209 - 0.56605 * cos2 + 0.0012 * cos4) * ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG * KILOMETERS_TO_METERS;
+    return kxky;
   }
 
   /**
-   * Get an instance of this singleton class.
+   * Calculate the degree->meter scale for given latitude
+   * 
+   * @result [lon->meter,lat->meter]
    */
-  public final static CheapRulerSingleton getInstance() {
-    if (CheapRulerSingleton.instance == null) {
-      synchronized(CheapRulerSingleton.class) {
-        if (CheapRulerSingleton.instance == null) {
-          CheapRulerSingleton.instance = new CheapRulerSingleton();
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    return CheapRulerSingleton.instance;
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Helper to compute the cosine of an integer latitude.
-   */
-  public double cosIlat(int ilat) {
-    double latDegrees = ilat * ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG;
-    if (ilat > 90000000) {
-        // Use the symmetry of the cosine.
-        latDegrees -= 90;
-    }
-    return COS_CACHE[(int) (latDegrees * COS_CACHE_LENGTH / COS_CACHE_MAX_DEGREES)];
-  }
-
-  /**
-   * Helper to compute the cosine of a latitude (in degrees).
-   */
-  public double cosLat(double lat) {
-    if (lat < 0) {
-      lat += 90.;
-    }
-    return COS_CACHE[(int) (lat * COS_CACHE_LENGTH / COS_CACHE_MAX_DEGREES)];
+  public static double[] getLonLatToMeterScales( int ilat ) {
+    return SCALE_CACHE[ ilat / SCALE_CACHE_INCREMENT ];
   }
 
   /**
@@ -89,20 +69,10 @@ public final class CheapRulerSingleton {
    * @note          Integer longitude is ((longitude in degrees) + 180) * 1e6.
    *                Integer latitude is ((latitude in degrees) + 90) * 1e6.
    */
-  public double distance(int ilon1, int ilat1, int ilon2, int ilat2) {
-    double cos = cosIlat(ilat1);
-    double cos2 = 2 * cos * cos - 1;
-    double cos3 = 2 * cos * cos2 - cos;
-    double cos4 = 2 * cos * cos3 - cos2;
-    double cos5 = 2 * cos * cos4 - cos3;
-
-    // Multipliers for converting integer longitude and latitude into distance
-    // (http://1.usa.gov/1Wb1bv7)
-    double kx = (111.41513 * cos - 0.09455 * cos3 + 0.00012 * cos5) * ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG * KILOMETERS_TO_METERS;
-    double ky = (111.13209 - 0.56605 * cos2 + 0.0012 * cos4) * ILATLNG_TO_LATLNG * KILOMETERS_TO_METERS;
-
-    double dlat = (ilat1 - ilat2) * ky;
-    double dlon = (ilon1 - ilon2) * kx;
+  public static double distance(int ilon1, int ilat1, int ilon2, int ilat2) {
+    double[] kxky = getLonLatToMeterScales( ( ilat1 + ilat2 ) >> 1  ); 
+    double dlon = (ilon1 - ilon2) * kxky[0];
+    double dlat = (ilat1 - ilat2) * kxky[1];
     return Math.sqrt(dlat * dlat + dlon * dlon); // in m
   }
 }